*Do not* attempt to check compression. If the belt is broken, that can
cause engine damage.
For a quick but nonclusive check, pull the spark plugs and look down in
the holes. If the plugs have been impacted or you can see impact damage
inside the engine through the plug hole, then you've obviously damaged the
engine. If there's no damage it's not conclusive.
You can also check by attaching an air hose to the plug hole and putting
compressed air in the cylinder. Before putting the air in, rotate the
camshaft so that the valves on the cylinder in question are closed. If
air leaks out the intake or exhaust, you have done damage. If not, you
haven't.
But this is all moot if you haven't checked the timing belt yet. Your
first step needs to be to pull the upper cover and check the belt and cam
timing.